"You're not making an impact if you're not pissing someone off"

Monthly Archives: April 2012

In a four part series on the naked capitalism blog, Morgan Sandquist, a member of the Occupy Wall Street Alternative Banking Group, presents us with a narrative that parallels the addiction of a drug addict with those actions of the financial industry that has engaged in irrational behavior, not unlike someone who is high on crack cocaine.

 

The financial industry’s quest to create greater riches for themselves and all hangers-on appears to be the only motivating force behind their actions that led to an economic apocalypse in 2008 that not only cost taxpayers in terms of monetary value ($100 billion in bailouts at a bare minimum) but the long-term effects of “unemployment, business failures, reduced government services, particularly at the state and municipal level”, that according to Andrew Haldane of the Bank of England, amounts to astronomical costs “lying anywhere between one and five times annual GDP. Put in money terms, that is an output loss equivalent to between $60 trillion and $200 trillion for the world economy”.

In his first essay on Finance in Denial, Sandquist notes the similar characteristics between all addicts:

Anyone investigating the true health of the banking industry, apparently including regulators, is faced with opacity, complexity, and even outright hostility that stymies all but the most savvy and persistent. Fortunately, people within OWS, including the Occupy the SEC Working Group, are that savvy and persistent. But the reaction of the industry and its partisans to such efforts has included the not-so-subtle suggestion that inquiring into the well-being of the banking industry will somehow cause problems to arise that wouldn’t otherwise exist if we would all just mind our own business.

This seems odd in an ostensibly objective and quantitative context like banking. Shouldn’t the truth be clearly visible in the accounting? Shouldn’t we all–borrowers, investors, depositors, and regulators–want to know exactly what’s going on?

As unexpected as such a visceral and irrational reaction to genuine, well-founded concern is from the supposedly rational realm of finance, that telltale blend of evasion, grandiosity, and superstition will be familiar to anyone who has ever confronted an addict about his or her addiction.   (emphasis mine) SOURCE

 

Having read the first 3 parts published thus far by naked capitalism has been an eye opener as I watch those in the financial industry and their “enablers”,  who I refer to as the what’s wrong with being rich crowd.   One of those enablers is currently running for President of the United States.  Mitt Romney, the venture capitalist who is part of the wealthy one-percent in this country, has shown over and over again that his reactions reflect those of the wealthy elite rather than one who shares a common interests with most Americans; the very people he wants to represent as our next president.

 

Beware the "money pushers"

 

The most recent evidence of this irrational behavior from the GOP presidential hopeful was recorded as he spoke to students at Otterbein University in Ohio last week in a campaign move to attract the young voter bloc who voted overwhelming for Obama in 2008.  Watch his body language too as he talks about his penchant for something that is masked as part of the “American Dream”.  His rapid back and forth glances at the audience and jittery movement with his hands is reflective of someone trying to conceal what he really wants his audience to buy into – creating greater debt so people like Romney can get their fix.

 

 

When Romney tells his young audience that “This kind of devisiveness, this attack of success, is very different than what we’ve seen in our country’s history”, he’s not referring to any objective based premise.  This kind of comment is the typical red-herring message sent out by the right that attacks people who legitimately question the failures we witnessed recently of the free market and why those government regulations were removed by elected officials meant to keep abuses in check.   It’s also typical of the addict that tries to redirect the conversation when their addictive behavior is being brought to their attention by concerned individuals.  Sandquist notes this pattern of behavior in the first part of his series.     

Denial denies not just claims and assertions, it also denies access and insight into the reality of addiction. …  It denies the story of addiction and proposes an endless collection of counter-conspiracies.

 

In his next line, Romney clearly replicates the vernacular of a drug pusher who’s eager to get his target to experience the drug high of wealth.  We’ve always encouraged young people: Take a shot, go for it, take a risk, get the education, borrow money if you have to from your parents, start a business.   In Part II – The Addiction, Sandquist shares some historical perspective with us:

money is created as debt, its use to finance productive activity means that that activity, whatever it is, must then generate interest to be returned to money’s creators in addition to the money lent.

This has given rise to an industry, even a class of people, that derives its livelihood not from any productive activity of its own, but merely from having money. … There is no logical end to what must be monetized–natural resources, ideas, time. Nothing can remain unowned and clear of liens, and that will eventually consume any finite realm.

Romney is part of that “class of people, that derives its livelihood from … merely having money”.  He is thus compelled to create further interests by others to seek financial aid so that his own addiction can be sustained.

The dynamics of usury-money are addiction dynamics, requiring an ever-greater dose (of the commons) to maintain normality, converting more and more of the basis of well-being into money for a fix. If you have an addict friend, it won’t do any good to give her “help” of the usual kind, such as money, a car to replace the one she crashed, or a job to replace the one she lost. All of those resources will just go down the black hole of addiction. So too it is with our politicians’ efforts to prolong the age of growth. – Sacred Economics, by Charles Eisenstein

 

Public sector “Enablers” repealing Glass-Steagall, making it easier for addicts to fall deeper into their obsession

 

With such a perspective, how far removed is Romney from the chemical drug pusher as he stands in front of this college crowd encouraging them to engage in activities that experience has yet to qualify most of them for.  Not that those who have entrepreneural savvy should be discouraged.  But what percentage of all college students truly have the know-how to create a business model that can successfully organize, fund and promote a business venture?  How many of those who can have the devotion and energy to see it through?

Wealth to most of them is the surface image of material possessions, not the labor and love of what your doing and how society benefits as a whole. Caution has been thrown to the wind because as Romney entices his young minions there is no mention of the down side to financial addiction such as more businesses fail then succeed and the increase in bankruptcies that occur from risky endeavors brought about by the addictive high for even more wealth.  Ancillary to such negatives too are jail time and broken families.

The naked capitalism blog has released part three of Sandquist series (see link below) that deals with Intervention.  His recommendation that we go slow in aiding the financial addict to seek rehabilitation is questioned by naked capitalism’s creator Yves Smith.

While I applaud the general thrust of this series, I have to take issue with one notion that this essay takes as a given that finance as currently constituted is “core to our economy” and is cautious about the costs and risks of intervention (even though it argues for that course of action).

The case for decisive action is far stronger. The largest financial services firms have perpetrated the biggest transfer of wealth in history via the bailouts. They have gone unpunished for perpetrating the greatest consumer fraud in history, namely, the predatory lending in the subprime phase, the destruction of the integrity of title, and continuing abuses of court procedures.   SOURCE 

I agree with Smith’s analysis here regarding “decisive action” and think time will not allow us to treat this in a slower manner where only a small number of people will be impacted by continued addiction.  The global economy is a hair’s breath away from another serious economic collapse that could be far worse than what we have ever experienced, including that dreadful day back in October 1929.

Does anyone feel differently?

P.S.  Stay linked with the NC blog to read Part IV of Sandquist’s Finance in Denial.

 

"Can I float you a loan to expand your business Jimmy?"

 

FURTHER READING:

Morgan Sandquist: Finance in Denial – An Intervention

ECONOMIC HEROIN 


If the GOP does regain the seats of power following the fall elections, it will be the results again of a successful campaign by the power brokers in this country to keep the public uninformed about issues that negatively impact their own self interests.


 

We have been pumped so full of smoke up our backsides for the last couple of years by GOP/TeaPartiers and their media mouthpieces about how a policy of “austerity”, through government spending cuts, would reduce the deficit and stimulate economic growth, without having any real evidence that such a tactic honestly works.  Raising taxes of course would not  be necessary in the GOP/TeaParty way of looking at solutions because the lowering deficits, vis a vis lower government spending, would instill confidence in the free market.  This confidence would then encourage the business community in this country to start expanding their business and create jobs.  This would have the added benefit, they claim, of generating the revenue we need to pay down our deficit rather than raising taxes to tackle this nasty, lingering problem – wink, wink.

Well set aside any doubts or assurances you may have had, depending on your politico-economic perceptions, and observe some reality based evidence that shows the austerity method of the GOP/TeaPartiers is NOT a fiscal plan of action that will do a better job at economic recovery than what Obama and his administration have been doing thus far.  In fact, it will most likely have the reverse affect.  Paul Krugman points out that “Keynesians have been completely right, Austerians utterly wrong — at vast human cost.”

 

Let me set the record straight here too.  I am not saying that what Obama has been doing has been been spot on.  It hasn’t.  It’s weakness is that what stimulus got passed back in early 2009 was way too small because the new administration was making too many concessions to the GOP/TeaParty who have been touting austerity policies since the President took office.  Rather than making the stimulus package bigger, Obama kow-towed to the shrills of the GOP and invested too little to generate a more vigorous, sustaining recovery.

But had he not listened more to the Keynesian views of those within his Party and caved completely to the advocates of the economic views of Milton Friedman and Ayn Rand, who opposed governments intervening to aid economic recovery, our economic disaster would have sunk even deeper into the abyss, creating even higher unemployment rates and greater loss of homes and retirement savings.

So where’s this evidence that brings home the salient point of austerity’s failure?   Across the pond in Great Britain.

LONDON (Reuters) – Britain’s economy slid into its second recession since the financial crisis after official data unexpectedly showed a fall in output in the first three months of 2012, piling pressure on Prime Minister David Cameron’s embattled coalition government.

The Office for National Statistics said Britain’s gross domestic product fell 0.2 percent in the first quarter of 2012 after contracting by 0.3 percent at the end of 2011, confounding forecasts for 0.1 percent growth. – SOURCE

Since taking over the British government in May 2010 here’s what the conservatives have achieved with their deep spending cuts to deal with their recession.

  • GDP continues to drop.  The economy has only grown by 0.4 percent since the government came to power
  • the biggest fall in construction output in three years
  • Britain’s service sector which makes up more than three quarters of GDP continues to make no substantial ground
  • Industrial output and construction have shrunk to levels not seen since Q1 2009

Even though the Bank of England has warned that there is a risk of another contraction in the second quarter of 2012, Prime Minister Cameron, a favorite of American conservatives, intends to stay with his austerity program by not providing “further monetary stimulus through quantitative easing asset purchases.”  This means “Britain will continue on a death spiral of self-defeating austerity”, says Krugman.  

This is what the leaders of the GOP/TeaParty have in store for this country if they can convince voters to put them back in control of both houses of Congress and the White House

… the [Republican] party has spent almost three years demanding immediate and painful austerity measures. The GOP put [Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI)] in charge of ‘committing us’ to a “Path” of sharp, short-sighted cuts that economists say would make unemployment worse, as the IMF says austerity policies have always done.   SOURCE

 

How quick this news spreads to all voting blocs in this country will be interesting to watch.  Many on-line services are already posting on this immediately following it’s release early Wednesday by Britain’s Office for National Statistics.  But what will be critical is how quickly AND how frequently this economic reality gets played out on the MSM networks.

I suspect that what we will see is what we have been seeing for years.  That corporate-owned media outlets who support austerity programs will give this very little to no attention.  Though business profits have done very well under Obama’s economic policies there are those ideologues within the GOP that insists killing public sector jobs is the only sure road to a more rapid and full recovery.

 

Austerity during a serious recession is economically insane. It is a pro-cyclical policy that makes the recession more severe.”  - Bill Black

Related Article:

Europe’s austerity recession 

Austerity is Killing Europe

Jobless Rate Hits New High in Euro Zone


Just when you thought the Catholic Church might score a few points for themselves to rise above their miserable handling of sexually abusive priests they go and fumble the ball and show just how distanced they are from those they are supposed to serve.

 

Some of us stood up and took notice recently when some Catholic religious leaders  scolded the GOP’s budget that attacked programs benefitting the poor and disenfranchised.

When House Budget Committee Chairman Paul Ryan (R-WI) released his latest “Path to Prosperity” budget last month, it was immediately admonished as an “immoral disaster” that “robs the poor” by Catholic religious leaders.   SOURCE

 

Being raised in the Catholic Church, this is what I expect of Christians.  It is one of the core values of the faith that works to remove the suffering of those in society who are in need of basic essentials to sustain life

He who is kind to the poor lends to the LORD, and he will reward him for what he has done – Proverbs 19:17

‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.’ – Matthew 25:40

 

Though no longer a member of the Catholic faith (or any organized religion for that matter), I couldn’t help but feel a little pride to hear that there were still those within the faith willing to publicly defend what I have always found to be the most appealing aspect of Christianity.

But they couldn’t leave well enough alone.  Their self-absorbed dogmatic selves had to once again show how dysfunctional the church leadership is.

The Vatican is accusing the largest organization of catholic nuns in America of falling out of line with church teachings — while promoting “radical feminist themes”.

The reprimand was aimed at the Leadership Conference of Women Religious, a group that represents most of America’s 57,000 catholic sisters. The Vatican praised the nuns for “promoting social justice” but slams them for protesting church doctrine – on women’s ordination and homosexuals. The Vatican also complains the nuns have been “silent” on issues like the right to life and abortion.   SOURCE 

 

What goes on in the minds of some of those in leadership positions within the Church?  For years they cover up the sexual abuses between priests and young boys and try to down play it when it finally becomes public but without any public outcry on how nuns are dealing with some social issues the Church brings umbrage to the fact that many of their nuns aren’t demonizing gays and young girls enough who find themselves faced with an unwanted pregnancy

“As public representatives by their very existence they have an obligation to reflect fundamental church teaching on matters,” said Father Robert Kaslyn of Catholic University.

Yes, we’re all familiar with that part of the new testament that has Jesus condemning social outcasts and deviants, even standing in to be the first to cast a stone at the sinful harlot brought to him by the morally upright crowd who found her simply trying to survive as a single woman in a patriarchal society

So, they expect obeisance on something that challenges the teachings of Jesus but say nothing of priests who rob young children of their innocence as long as they don’t rock their doctrinal boat?

Oy vey!

RELATED ARTICLE:

The Vatican’s Latest Target in the War on Women: Nuns


By and large, language is a tool to conceal the truth - George Carlin

 

 

The amplified political hyperbole that is increasing as the end of the political season winds its way towards the November elections leaves little to the imagination and with hardly any substance for critical thinking.  This art form, that has been mastered by the Republicans for the last three decades, has taught Democrats that they too must incorporate emotional language and over-the-top rhetoric to persuade voters to choose a side.

The claims by extremes on both sides of the political divide that generate bitter feelings become verbal daggers that injure and rupture the civil dialogue that struggles to get some footing in a conversation that should be helping us move forward as a nation in the 21st century.   But who and what motivates this form of communication, to what extent and to what end?

George Carlin sums it up pretty well

 

Carlin makes two cogent points that all of us need to assimilate into our thinking as we decide how we will vote later this year.

  1. “Politicians are put there to give you the idea that you have freedom of choice.  You don’t”
  2. What the “real owners” of this country (wealthy, corporate special interests) don’t want is “a population of citizens capable of critical thinking …”

Both political Parties appeal to the average American but both have too many deep ties to wealthy special interests.  Yet one more than the other has gone out of its way to serve this wealthy special interests above and beyond what seems sane.  Anyone who reads my blog regularly knows this comment is aimed at the GOP, the Party that’s lost their traditional ties with the values and ideas of Lincoln and Teddy Roosevelt and climbed on board the gravy train of the Koch Brothers, Goldman-Sachs, Rupert Murdoch, Exxon-Mobil and Richard Mellon Scaife.  Men and financial institutions who serve their profits and investors over the needs of a public left to fend for themselves when economic hard times hit us.  These are the people who foster the notion that “trickle down” economics really works and who put their vast wealth behind people and organizations who aid them in spreading this message.

Be very cautious then of those who use language that unflinchingly supports corporate special interests in the guise of being “free market” champions while denouncing government as an evil that needs to be shrunk to a size that can be drowned in a bath tub.  Claims by some of an out of control government are more likely to be fostered by those who would create a smoke screen to avert attention from those who themselves benefit greatly from government largess, such as the oil, coal and natural gas industries and many top financial institutions.

Honest application of free market principles along with reasonable restraints and some government oversight is the best combination to ensure greed will be kept in check and opportunity limited only by the people’s lack of energy and drive.  For those who would praise the business model as one by which we should all be governed, keep in mind that besides the fact that many businesses fail, such models do not seek to create a broad consensus but one that benefits and enhances the fortunes of just a few -  their owners and their investors.  Consumers only have a voice after the fact when enough of them come together as a force to prevent corporations from practices detrimental to their health and well-being, making the business model a reactive one rather than a proactive force.

 

Our Constitution does not, contrary to fanatical points of view, countenance unrestrained free markets, nor did the father of capitalism, Adam Smith.  There is no guiding “invisible hand” of the markets that can constrain the insatiable greed of those who monopolize our natural resources and the elected officials who do their bidding.

It is true that capitalistic doctrines do not guarantee that all of us will share wealth equally but it does hold that when the rules are applied honestly and within a reasonable competitive framework, there will be equality of opportunity for all who strive to earn a measure of wealth that sustains them and their family.

Many of those who claim to want to “take our country back” have made a pact with the self-serving interests of Ayn Rand-style, laissez-faire free marketers such as the astro-turf front groups Americans for Prosperity and Freedom Works that are heavily funded by Koch Industries.  They have allowed themselves to be enticed to relive an era that may have been simpler in so many ways but forget that it was a time when women  were considered second class citizens, blacks were still in bondage almost exclusively and only white, male property owners could vote.  They use the Constitution as a bludgeon to beat down those people who would argue that it is a living document.  Not as something that was etched in granite, but intended to “form a more perfect union” over time, implying that as the dynamics of our economy and culture changed, the flexibility of the law would adapt to the necessary changes to move forward in the future.

When you’re finished changing, you’re finished – Ben Franklin

 

The Constitution of the U.S. is worded in a broad defining language so as not to inhibit our future growth.  To presume that what it doesn’t specifically say can be interpreted as a statement that disallows a rationale look at issues unforeseen by the men of that time is to imply that the framers were troglodytes rather than the Renaissance men of vision they were  All of us need to be on alert from being lulled into an anti-government state of mind by people who promote the self-interest of a few over the general welfare of all people.

RELATED ARTICLE

If Money’s No Obstacle, Have I Got a Peanut Butter Shake For You

 

There’s an original eatery in the small city of Denton, Texas north of Dallas that many have referred to as “a 50′s style drive up burger joint” called Mr. Frosty.  It is a 50’s style restaurant, not as a nostalgic design replication by some contemporary firm but because it’s appears now just as it did when it opened in the 1950’s.  The exterior and interior have been kept up for all of these years but you can see the wear and tear is there, which in a quaint old way, gives it some character.   How else would you be able to explain why this place still draws crowds nearly everyday it’s open, even after a new Sonic® was built less than 200 yards away just a few short years ago?

It’s likely this restaurant was built about the same time the Interstate Highway System began construction under Eisenhower, running Interstate 35 one short block from Mr. Frosty.  It had to be one of only a few buildings at the time and this area was not quite so seedy as it is now, with pawn shops and Christian soup & salvation kitchens mixed in with small mom and pop businesses that are housed in rough looking buildings that probably struggle to pass the city codes’ minimum standards for occupation.

That being said, you would only imagine that their food is so remarkable that the locale is not a distractive factor for Mr Frosty patron’s.  But who are their patrons?  You might think that it would only appeal more to the blue collar, trucker crowd with their moderate means of income.  But one look at the price of a Frosty’s favorite will dispel that notion pretty quick.

 

Then again, Mr Frosty has been around so long that it may have preceded the use of the decimal point


Some people have developed an inordinate fear of dogs even when they’re behind a fence.  To have nothing between them and a defensive canine who literally stands their ground to assert their domain can panic people.  But should man’s best friend be punished for doing what many pet owners expect?

 

So I’m in my garage last Sunday opening the package to my new dual power tire inflator with digital control that shuts it off at a desired pressure.  My 2-year old Shepard mix, Millie, is there with me sitting on the smooth, cool concrete floor nearby, keeping me company and watching with interests what I’m doing.  Occasionally she’ll snap at a buzzing fly that keeps circling her head and then suddenly, she hears our neighbor’s 3 dogs next door barking furiously.  It’s that type of barking warning that a stranger is near, letting them know to stay their distance.  “This is our domain stranger so steer clear”

Don and Dee Tinker are our neighbors and they love dogs as much as we do.  When they moved in a few years back they decided to install an invisible fence to contain their pets rather than put up a physical barrier that would limit the visual appeal of their small lot.    Amazingly it’s been 100% effective.

One of the three dogs is a new black Lab and after he turned 6 weeks old they put a collar on him so he too would know his limits in his new surroundings.  Prior to that, since there is no fence between us, he would lope over into our yard and play vigorously with Millie (who still has a lot of pup left in her) until the black Lab grew tired and trotted back home.  With minimal training and a couple of episodes however, the black Lab, named “Spidy”, soon learned that there would be no more loping over into our yard to play.  Millie too learned that she could no longer slip over to Spidy’s yard to play, which the Tinkers said they never really minded.

Anyway, Spidy and the two older dogs, who were now his steady companions, were barking furiously at someone and I realized that Millie would be off to see what the commotion was about.  Knowing that there is no fence surrounding my yard, I have trained Millie and our older terrier-mix, Bandit, to stay within the confines of our private property.  Bandit is too old to go much beyond the back porch anyway where he can do his business and return to the comfort of his ottoman “rest spot” in the family room.  Millie will, every once in awhile, push the envelope and stray outside our property line.  But I’m usually there to whistle her back in.  For a rescue dog I saved from the dog pound a little over a year ago, she has been easy to discipline.

I paused momentarily, still intrigued some by my new purchase, before following Millie out as she headed toward the disturbance.  I knew not to linger too long because Millie can be an intimidating presence; one however that is more likely to retreat as she’s approached.  The first thing I saw were Don and Dee’s three dogs huddled together, barking at what quickly became clear to me was someone from the local animal control department, with a dog catcher pole in the ready position.  There was another with his pole down at his side who was walking toward my property and at that moment I realized Millie was not in sight.

What appears to be a threatening posture by most dogs can merely be a defensive one.

 

As I walked quickly toward the front I then saw Millie standing about 5 feet inside our yard.  Relieved that she wasn’t in the public access area where she could be hauled off I called her and she reluctantly came, barking at the strangers as she made her way back to me.  It seemed clear that the dog catchers were aiming to haul Don and Dee’s dogs off so before I took Millie back into the house I informed them that the dog’s all belonged there and were contained by an invisible fence.  They thought the dogs belong to me so I informed them they weren’t and expressed my opinion that the dogs were not violating any code.  A neighbor from two doors down came over and he too was explaining pretty much what I was telling them so I let him handle it while I took Millie back inside.  Out of sight, out of mind was my thinking.

I quickly came back out though to make sure that Spidy and the other two dogs were staying put.  The dog catchers were two twenty-something men and again as I approached them they wanted to know if the dogs were mine.  I reiterated that they were not but that they were not running loose either, referring once again to the invisible fence and pointed at a marker that signaled that the hidden barrier was in place.  Obviously neither Don, Dee or their 18 year old daughter Alex was home to confront the animal control agents so it was important to me to see that they did not step beyond their authority.

Within just seconds of this though young Alex drove up in their driveway, just a few feet from where we were all standing.  She immediately got out of the car and demanded of the two young men what they were doing here.  When they stated their intent, Alex informed them that she too was a animal control agent in an adjoining community and began taking them to task.  I stuck around a little bit longer to be a presence and to show support for Alex but it was clear that she was not only handling the situation adequately and with authority but the two men seem to be backing down from their original intent.

I faded away and went back to the garage where my new air compressor was waiting for a trial run.  Shortly after, I saw Alex walking by the window in my garage so I went around and flagged her down to hear what had transpired.  Apparently, she said, the two men were driving around and noticed how her dogs would “aggressively” approach people as they walked past the house.  She said they informed her that they had to be “tethered” while outside and could not run loose, even if they were in their own yard.  This turned out to be an erroneous observation and it isn’t clear if the two men weren’t aware of what the city ordinances were or that they had simply taken it upon themselves to abscond the dogs following a hasty decision that their barking posed a threat to passers-by.

What struck me odd about this was that it was Sunday and in this day and age of public service cut backs, what’s one, let alone two, public animal control agents doing roaming the streets looking for stray dogs on a day when people usually stay home.  Beyond that, I suspected that their explanation was merely a cover for the fact that someone who had walked by earlier and had a little fear struck in them, made a complaint call on their cell phone as they continued their walk.

I have no qualms with an agency that serves the public’s need to control animals that pose a public health risk.  The one here in my home town of Denton has developed into a humane agency that adequately shelters dogs for two to three weeks, hoping that their owners will come and retrieve them, with the appropriate fine of course.  This tax-payer agency also works with local volunteer animal advocates who provide resources and money to aid in finding homes for these strays.  That’s how Millie and I connected.

It is a little disturbing to me though that people who either hates dogs or have excessive fears toward them feel compelled to use this public agency to deal with what they perceive as a public nuisance.   For people who don’t realize that dogs are more than mere animals but companions to the humans they share a home with, its a shame that they don’t also realize that what dogs do when they bark at you as you approach their domain, is perhaps the best form of security a homeowner could have.  Better even than Smith & Wesson.

A gun cannot be used in a timely manner if you’re away from home or asleep as an intruder enters your home.  Nor would they be able to get close enough to you before you had a chance to pull that gun from your secure area that you keep it in to prevent the kids or grand-kids from gaining access to it.  Hell, the mere barking of a dog alone, even a small one, is enough to convince any would-be burglars to avoid your home and find some other place to rob.

I’m glad my taxes help pay for the animal control shelter here in Denton and I will follow the law and keep my dogs trained and corralled to prevent them from physically hurting anyone that doesn’t pose a threat to me.  I will make sure they are not a nuisance either from barking all night like those homeowners who fail to house train their dog and treat them like a member of the family.  These are pets placed in the back yard after their “cuteness” wears off with their owners, giving them none of the attention they seek for merely wanting to please you.

Millie - here to let you know she's on watch

 

I don’t have a guard dog or an attack dog.  But I do have animal friends that guard their home they share with me and my wife and will let strangers know, “tread lightly and think twice before you enter my domain.”  And if some poor soul that walked briefly past my home has allowed that to stoke an element of fear in them, don’t expect me to change that.  It’s a natural response for these animals.  Better that than me go off on you like the self-styled vigilante, George Zimmerman – if I owned a gun that is.  I do live in one of the 26 states that has enacted what some fearful people felt a need for – a “stand your ground” law.  And THAT is all my canine friends are doing.  Standing THEIR ground.


They tell us that suicide is the greatest piece of cowardice… that suicide is wrong; when it is quite obvious that there is nothing in the world to which every man has a more unassailable title than to his own life and person. – Arthur Schopenhauer

 

In an attempt to get a dialogue going once again on the issue of euthanasia, the NY Times published a piece recently that brought together the authoritative voices of various advocates and opponents of laws that seek to end the suffering of terminally ill patients by allowing them to choose to die with dignity with what’s become known as physician-assisted suicide(PAS).  I have conveyed my sentiments on this issue in two previous posts of mine here and here.

I support the end-of-life right for people who painfully suffer from incurable diseases to die with dignity, through either direct PAS or one that allows that patient to do so on their own with a physician prescribed medication.  In the U.S. the states of Oregon and Washington currently have “Death with Dignity” laws that subscribe to the method by which the patient, after careful scrutiny by physicians, family members and the state, are allowed to ingest a physician-prescribed medication to end their life.  Montana would have been the third after their Supreme Court ruled in 2009 that physician-assisted suicide is legal, but it’s inception into the law of the land has been held up in the state’s legislature currently through the efforts of religious right-to-life groups like the Montana Family Foundation. 

One of the contributors in the NY Times article opposed to such right-to-die legislation made an admirable attempt to defend her views but who I thought fell short.  Marilyn Golden is a senior policy analyst at the Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund(DREDF).  From what information I can gather about the DREDF it appears to be a reputable organization that, according to their website’s mission statement, is a strong advocate for people with disabilities so they can “live full and independent lives free of discrimination.”

Ms. Golden’s argument in her essay however highlighted only one incident to support the notion that Oregon’s law is weak, citing the case of Michael P. Freeland who according to one source had a history with mental illness.  Though Mr. Freeland received a lethal dose of a barbiturate from a licensed physician, he never actually took the drug but died instead a year later from the lung cancer that pushed him to seek help under Oregon’s Death with Dignity law.  Barbara Coombs Lee, the president of the Compassion in Dying Federation in Oregon whose group worked with Mr. Freeland makes a good counterpoint to Ms. Golden’s assertions.

“None of the physicians who were caring for him judged him incapable of making this very important health care decision, and he proved them right,” Ms. Lee said. “He never did spontaneously, irrationally and out of some depressive pathology take his medications. He never took them at all. I would look at this case and say it shows the system works.”    SOURCE

 

In all fairness to Ms. Golden, she does seem to make a reasonable case against the minimal data collection process of the state as being “flawed”.  But I say this without having seen or read any arguments from those who support Oregon’s process.

The other legitimate point made by those who are opposed to legalized euthanasia is that our current state of health care in this country does less to prolong the life of all individuals, especially the poor, giving the appearance that our society is too willing to allow people to end their lives rather than supply them with the resources to live out their lives with quality health care.  This of course is not a problem for more wealthy people who can afford all the latest health care technology and pharmaceuticals available in the free markets.

 

But for people whose incomes are stretched to make ends meet, they may find themselves with an insurance policy that has very high deductibles or have no policy at all because of unaffordable premiums, making out-of-pocket costs for quality health care beyond their reach.  There are also those who may be able to afford both high premiums and high deductibles but who have been rejected by insurance companies until the recent passage of the Affordable Health Care Act that prohibits denial of coverage because of a “pre-existing condition”.    This too however may disappear if the Supreme Court rules against what opponents have derisively called “Obamacare”.

In their essays, the opponents of Death with Dignity legislation don’t pull out the “God” card that allows them to say, “only God can take a life”.  Religion’s role in this battle however is there, just below the surface.  The pervasive religious restrictions towards euthanasia imposed by the American Catholic Church as well as many Protestant fundamentalist sects are all too prevalent.  One 1998 study foundthat the odds of the nonreligious approving physician-assisted suicide are three times greater than the religious … .”

In conjunction with this are attitudes many have towards the health care system in this country.  “Americans are more distrustful of their health care system — for good reason”, says Marcia Angell in her argument.  Ms. Angell is the former editor in chief of The New England Journal of Medicine

[Americans] are well aware that insurance companies increase their profits by stinting on medical services, and they suspect that the new health care law will also stint on services to rein in Medicare costs. So any practice that might save money raises the specter of rationing. In Europe and Canada, where there is universal, comprehensive and largely nonprofit health care, there is much less worry about abuse of right-to-die laws.     SOURCE 

 

Her second point is expanded on by Petra M. de Jong who notes that since 1960, health care in the Netherlands, where Ms. de Jong resides, “has developed enormously. People live longer and a wide range of treatments is possible.”

Euthanasia and assisted suicide can only be legalized in a country with optimum health care, including palliative care. But most of all, with citizens having access to good health care, regardless of their income.     SOURCE  

Patricia King, adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University’s Bloomberg School of Public Health, agrees with Ms. de Jong about the Dutch as she discusses how social divisions, unlike those we have here in America, have been mediated by a robust social welfare system, including universal health care”.

… many Americans — particularly the poor, the disabled, the elderly and members of racial and ethnic minorities — worry that if assisted suicide becomes widely available they will be viewed as “throwaway people.” They fear coercion, stigmatization and discrimination, understandably believing that the societal indifference prevalent throughout their lives will also infect their end-of-life care.

Assisted suicide should not be legalized in America before we have addressed our glaring inequalities in health care and other crucial social services in a way that assures marginalized groups that they too will be treated with respect and dignity at the end of their lives.   SOURCE 

Do legitimate concerns exists where the quality of life for some Americans will be viewed in “cost benefit analysis” terms within a system that allows physician-assisted suicide?

 

Americans are pretty much divided on the question of PAS.  One Gallup poll shows that only slightly more – 48% – find it morally wrong than the 45% who find it acceptable.  Underscoring the point about the elderly’s concern with the abuse of this medical treatment, fewer people who were 55 years or older – 43% – found it less acceptable than the age group between 18-34 at 46%.  But time tends to change the views of those polled on this subject.  Between the years of 2004 and 2009 there were majorities that found PAS acceptable.  One poll done by the professionals at Angus Reid in 2010 found that 42% of Americans supported legalizing euthanasia in the United States while 36 per cent opposed the notion.

The Gallup poll mentioned above shows that as a political group, Republicans oppose physician-assisted suicide in larger numbers than Democrats or Independents.  Isn’t it ironic that this same group also has larger numbers who vociferously oppose what they view as “socialized medicine” or what Ms. de Jong more civilly refers to as a robust social welfare system, including universal health care”.

People who are in great pain with terminal illnesses and whose quality of life isn’t much beyond that of the caged factory farm animals that supplement most diets in this country, deserve to die as they see fit and with a measure of dignity.  The reluctance by many Americans to get on board with a legitimate, licensed system with strong, consistent oversight to allow such a medical procedure to be instituted in this country appears to be the result of sincere but misplaced religious views, fear that those who can least afford it will be too easily “put out to pasture” by an uncaring society, or a combination of both.

Oregon and Washington states, as well as those other Western countries that share aspects of our culture, have legalized physician-assisted suicide in some form and have yet to be shown that the worst fears of their opponents are becoming a reality.  The role of people like Marilyn Golden are important to see that their concerns do not materialize, but their views and the views of others should not be a barricade to prevent the choice an individual makes that serves their best interests to take that final step with life and end it on their terms.  To continue this practice is cruel and unusual punishment as that standard conveys.  People forced to deal with excruciating pain to satisfy another person’s moral qualms or some legalistic purview have a right to die with dignity.

Death is not the greatest of evils; it is worse to want to die, and not be able to. Sophocles

Is denying the terminally ill patient their right to die with dignity a form of torture?


Spring has imposed itself upon me and I find my time more consumed now with clearing brush off of my adjacent lot, trimming trees and working on my vegetable garden.  Thus I have less time to spend on my blog.  But fortunately I have my good friend Donna Cavanagh to fill in for me at such times as she has so often done before.  Here’s one of her  recent stories that we can all identify with regarding redundant TV ads and their get rich quick (often silly) schemes

 

 

I watched a series of shows on the History Channel or the Planet Green channel or whatever channel–to be honest I don’t remember. The first show discussed whether Jesus existed; the second show told the tale of a very young, impish Jesus who threw a playmate off the roof of his house only to raise that playmate from the dead so that the kid could tell Jesus’ parents and his own parents, who were a tad miffed at the Messiah, that it was an accident; and the third  discussed who was responsible for framing Jesus. My first guess was the resurrected kid who got tossed from the roof, but believe it or not, he wasn’t even a suspect.

Anyway, none of these shows caught my interest quite like the commercial that kept airing in between the shows’ segments: The Sweet Dreams Blackberry Plant that you can grow at home. I know you are thinking that the sociopath Jesus would be more captivating than blackberries but sorry to say, He wasn’t.  I have heard the Jesus stories before (although my 16 years of catholic school left out the one about the homicidal Jesus), but nowhere before had I seen blackberries like the ones that graced my TV screen.

According to the commercial, if I bought one of these plants, I could have a lifetime supply of blackberries. Yes, one miracle plant would yield four pints of blackberries a day and 20 bowls a week.  And these were not just regular blackberries. No, they were giant blackberries.My husband, who was watching the Jesus shows with me, saw the commercial and said,

“You love blackberries. Maybe this would be good for you.”

As I watched the commercial, I became a bit frightened. This was a lot of fruit from one plant. I know that blackberries are high in antioxidants, but how many of these fine berries can one eat? In the commercial, they show a family of four sitting around the table eating blackberry jam, blackberry pie, and cereal garnished with blackberries plus there is some type of blackberry syrup sitting atop the table and about 5 full bowls of the fruit just for snacking.  This family of four was going to eat all these blackberries and then tomorrow they would have to begin again. Their teeth and tongues must permanently exhibit a purplish hue and that is the least of their problems. There doesn’t seem to be a way to turn off the miracle plant’s harvesting spigot. These people are trapped in blackberry hell.

Hey, I like blackberries, but at present, we are a family of two since my daughter moved out. I would go crazy with this plant. What if I forgot to harvest one day? Would I have to eat eight pints of blackberries the next day?  Where would I store all this fruit?  I guess this plant would work if I baked pies or made jam but I do neither, and the only syrup I get is made by Mrs. Butterworth.

I said to my husband, “Can you imagine if I bought this plant? Even if I discovered a talent for baking pies or making my own preserves, we would have millions of berries left over. They would take over the house until one day we would drown in them.  Rescuers would have to force open the doors because blackberries would be jammed up against them. They would have to dig beneath the purple goo to find us.  We would be blackberry hoarders.”

Just then I heard the TV announcer say that if I ordered one blackberry plant, he would send me a second one free.  He would double my order so I can get twice as many blackberries to enjoy! And if I ordered within the next seven minutes, a third one would be sent as well! This was all for $10. This was the perfect ad for the Jesus shows; this miracle plant just kept multiplying.

“What? Three times as many blackberries? We would have to eat 60 bowls of blackberries a week? Who can eat that many? The Duggar family with their 21 kids couldn’t scarf down this many berries.  This would be so scary!”

At this time, I noticed my husband had a worried look on his face. “You know, you don’t have to order the plant. It was just a thought because you like fresh berries, but if it’s going to be this big a trauma for you, just don’t order it.”

Hm. And just like that the panic passed. I didn’t have to order this plant.  I could still buy blackberries at the market. Sure, I might pay double the price but that extra money would be well worth my peace of mind knowing I don’t have to face the task of learning to make blackberry preserves or blackberry pie. That commercial came on five more times during the Jesus shows.  I guess if they are paying for that much TV advertising, the miracle plants must sell or maybe they just sell during Jesus shows because they are miracle plants. Either way, that plant is not going to be in my house.  I can’t take the pressure.

 

Donna Cavanagh, the Founder of HumorOutcasts.com, is a veteran journalist whose detour into humor writing has landed her on the pages and blogs of MORE Magazine, theSOP.org, and FIRST Magazine. A former humor columnist for Journal Register Papers, she was a USA Books Contest finalist for her first book “Life On The Off Ramp.” Host of BlogTalk Radio’s Wicked Wednesdays, Donna is also co-host of the Humor Outcasts’ Podcast “You’re Joking, Right?”

 


We live in dangerous times, and not from the usual suspects.  The pervasive fear that has enveloped this country since 9/11 has grown to a point where no one is truly safe from the excesses of the law.  While the Right focuses on “government over reach” aimed at ameliorating the plight of low and middle-income families, some of us are more concerned about how easily it is becoming for all Americans to lose their voice in a democracy

courtesy of truthdig.com

 

The criticism of law enforcement at the national security level following the terrorists attacks on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon was that the terrorists were hiding in plain sight.  Though some within the FBI were suspicious of several of them, their hands were essentially tied because of legal barriers that had been erected by forces in or supportive of the CIA and the FBI.  This all began to change within months following the attack where communications between these two entities became designed to facilitate the capture of any future terrorists or intercede before their devious acts reached dangerous levels.  But it appears the need to better protect its citizens has developed in part as a means to selectively deprive them of due process.

I lay out here the barest essentials of two articles that address this dilemma and highly recommend the reader to click on the links I have provided to get the full understanding of what they convey and what we seem to be facing as a nation.  Like the terrorists who attacked us on 9/11, the numerous red flags amongst us that warn us of the slow, insidious deprivations of personal freedoms, are hiding in plain sight.

 

CONTRIVED SECURITY THREATS

In his article entitled, Someone You Love: Coming to a Gulag Near YouChris Hedges exposes a security world where thousands of locations and hundreds of thousands of people now work for the combined agencies that make up the Homeland Security Department, or are on contract to them and who have been allowed to invade the privacy of each and every citizen without any real need to do so at some times other than a gut feeling from which anyone of them may conjure up.

I understand there are people who feel that these are dangerous times that require extraordinary measures, even to the detriment of some personal liberties.  How well though do most of us understand the extraordinary measures our government has undertaken and how massive and complex it is.  Hedges feels “we have created this monster [that] will be difficult, perhaps impossible, to free ourselves from … .”  What was intended to protect us from the radical extremists of fanatical groups is now capable of controlling and limiting any and all criticism by U.S. citizens that may be viewed as a threat to the real power in this country – the crony capitalism made up of some high-powered, extremely wealthy corporate and Wall Street people and their minions in government.

 

Hedges warns us of the potential danger to the ordinary citizens from the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) that President Obama signed into law on December 31st last year.

This act, … puts into the hands of people with no discernible understanding of legitimate dissent the power to use the military to deny due process to all deemed to be terrorists, or terrorist sympathizers, and hold them indefinitely in military detention. The deliberate obtuseness of the NDAA’s language, which defines “covered persons” as those who “substantially supported” al-Qaida, the Taliban or “associated forces,” makes all Americans, in the eyes of our expanding homeland security apparatus, potential terrorists. It does not differentiate.

 

The law’s potential abuse became apparent to Hedges and others when some within this huge security infrastructure tried to link Occupy Wall Street (OWS) to “Islamic radicals and websites as well as jihadist ideology.”  Players in this particular scenario included several private entrepreneurs who cater to the security needs of our government.  Based on information leaked Feb. 27 by WikiLeaks, Thomas Kopecky, director of operations at Investigative Research Consultants Inc. and Fortis Protective Services LLC, and Fred Burton, Stratfor’s vice president for counterterrorism and corporate security and a former deputy director of the counterterrorism division of the State Department’s Diplomatic Security Service, appear to have a part in a conspiracy to link the OWS movement with jihad radicals like al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

Next, the managing partners of Provide Security, a private organizations that is cloaked in secrecy, had an article published on Andrew Breitbart’s right-wing blog that made the specious case for such a link based on what they claimed was “information about USDoR (U.S. Day of Rage, to which Occupy Wall Street is connected) [that] had been posted on Shamuk and Al-Jihad, two Al-Qaeda recruitment sites”.  Several months after that story, Hedges notes, “Australian Security Magazine published an article titled ‘Radical Islam: Global influence in domestic affairs’ that directly tied U.S. Day of Rage to radical Islamic groups.”

The seed of a conspiracy was now planted and it only took the expected acquiescence of right-wing blogs and FOX news to spread the unfounded assumptions deep within the country’s social conscience.

The fact that foreign radicals may try to exploit the events of a national, non-radical, peaceful movement for their purposes is understandable if the target is the corporate leviathan that too often runs rough shod over public interests here and abroad.  Disrupting the economy is a well-known tactic that many anti-American and anti-capitalists groups use to achieve their goals.  But what appears to be transpiring here is not to weed out these bad elements but to discredit an entire movement; one that is legitimately attempting to expose the greed within the financial world of Wall Street and bring to bear their sins we have all paid for with our taxes, our jobs and health care, our homes and our futures.

Feeling that profits may suffer, it only seems normal that corporate special interests would take any and all measures they could conceivably utilize to undermine anyone who publicly speaks out about the unethical practices they may have engaged in.  We know the Justice Department has yet to throw any financial CEO in jail for their part in the economic collapse that we currently find ourselves struggling to overcome.

POLICE PROTECTION FOR THE FEW

 

The other article that alerts us to the excesses of the law was a recent Supreme Court decision reported in the NY Times by Adam Liptak, Supreme Court Ruling Allows Strip Searches for Any Arrest.

The Supreme Court on Monday ruled by a 5-to-4 vote that officials may strip-search people arrested for any offense, however minor, before admitting them to jails even if the officials have no reason to suspect the presence of contraband.

Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, joined by the court’s conservative wing, wrote that courts are in no position to second-guess the judgments of correctional officials who must consider not only the possibility of smuggled weapons and drugs, but also public health and information about gang affiliations    

 

Again, with an inordinate concern that there are too many bad people out there to be protected under the shields of our constitution, the conservative justices and the alleged moderate Anthony Kennedy, have weakened time-honored law, feeling compelled to trust that human beings who work for our law enforcement agencies would never use unnecessary search and seizure tactics to harass other human beings.  Not that they wouldn’t sustain a verdict that could prove without a reasonable doubt that such abuses occurred.  But then how many such abuses would ever make it to a local court, much more the Supreme Court.

There is a population out there that perhaps many feel warrant these intrusive measures by their mere association and history with the “wrong elements in our society”.  Such is the state of our humanity towards the human contingent that often finds themselves being thrown into the dregs of society because they, for reasons often not of their own doing, have failed to legitimately provide for themselves.

 

The Supreme Court’s ruling now circumvents the previous necessity for body searches on people who were reasonably suspected to have and likely to possess outlawed contraband.  Anyone, for any reason may now be stripped searched without reasonable cause, based solely on the feelings and attitude of the jailer in charge on any given day.  You may have offended the sensitivities of that jailer in some unintended manner and with this court ruling, that jailer or jailers may teach a lesson to some poor victim by humiliating them with a body search.  What other explanation would a reasonable person consider when a “nun was strip-searched, … after an arrest for trespassing during an antiwar demonstration”?  Would any other “radical” or participant in the OWS movement receive different treatment by those in our criminal justice system who hold a love it, or leave it mentality?

Citing examples from briefs submitted to the Supreme Court, Justice Breyer wrote that people have been subjected to “the humiliation of a visual strip search” after being arrested for driving with a noisy muffler, failing to use a turn signal and riding a bicycle without an audible bell.

Justice Kennedy responded that “people detained for minor offenses can turn out to be the most devious and dangerous criminals.” He noted that Timothy McVeigh, later put to death for his role in the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, was first arrested for driving without a license plate. “One of the terrorists involved in the Sept. 11 attacks was stopped and ticketed for speeding just two days before hijacking Flight 93,” Justice Kennedy added.

 

Pointing out that some harmless looking people who were stopped for minor offenses turned out to be “devious and dangerous criminals”  does nothing more than create a certain shock affect while ignoring the fact that the terrorist wasn’t arrested and it doesn’t answer if McVeigh was searched and found to have illegal contraband.  To now put all citizens into a category with people like this also ignores the fact that strip searches initiated without reasonable cause seldom prove beneficial.  In the NY Times story, Liptak reports that Justice Breyer noted “that there was very little empirical support for the idea that strip searches detect contraband that would not have been found had jail officials used less intrusive means, particularly if strip searches were allowed when officials had a reasonable suspicion that they would find something.”

 

MAKING A DIFFERENCE

I am NOT a conspiracist.  I AM a reluctant activist, and a poor one at that, who sits on the side lines and cheers others on to do the leg work.  I try to make excuses and say at 63 I have not only done my part in more youthful days but now my body restrains me from getting back out in the trenches.  Yet when I see the faces in OWS crowds, anti-war protests and marches on state capitals to oppose further cuts to vital social services, I see many who are my age and older.  I am encouraged by these people and feel in time that I too must get back on the streets and be seen and not just heard.

If you think the premise of this post is shaky and even over blown I suggest you consider what the two host cities for the Republican and Democratic conventions are imposing on anticipated protests from citizens.

Tampa, Fla., which will host the Republicans from Aug. 27 to 30, and Charlotte, N.C., which will host the Democrats from Sept. 3 to 7, are already … devis[ing]  … creative ways of distancing protesters from the politicians, delegates and journalists attending these stage-managed affairs.  Charlotte has adopted an ordinance that expands the power of the local police to detain, search and arrest persons in its downtown core. (The Charlotte ordinance also bans camping on city-owned property, a clear response to the Occupy movement.) Tampa is also considering new municipal laws to limit, and in some instances flatly prohibit, downtown protest activity.    SOURCE

What both of these reports convey is that there are people in positions of authority who make decisions about the rest of us but who clearly don’t seem to identify with the average citizen.  The stereotypes these authorities have of “malefactors” exists because they cannot see themselves being caught up in the irresponsible behavior of a security agent or a zealous cop arresting them without cause, wanting to humiliate them to prevent them from engaging in legitimate actions that question the legitimacy of those who hold great power in this land and around the globe.

As this corporate-friendly mindset assimilates itself deeper and deeper into the legal institutions we’ve established to protect us from fanatics and usurpers of our rights as citizens, we ourselves become subject to the whims of those who use their wealth to leverage their positions; positions that take more and more for themselves while leaving everyone else to fend for themselves.  Is it possible that such greed cannot see the seeds of its own destruction in such action?  History has shown us that often the public is so easily duped to believe that the self-serving interests of a wealthy elite are compatible with their own, only to discover too late that economic equality is never given freely by those who hold all the marbles.

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Another @#%&*^#% RINO?

When running for political office, rule #1 is “Know Thy Constituents”.  In Red state Texas, where Denton County is, Republicans always garner between 55% and 60% of the vote, simply because they are the Republican candidate.  Those who cast votes do so as a protest vote aimed at the other party rather than as an affirmation of one’s “expertise” to seek a particular office.

All this being said, what has this candidate done to hurt her efforts with her choice of signs?  Hint:  In the spirit of Sesame Street, what pronoun of the top three here doesn’t go with the other two?



TeaParty mentalities, being as narrowly focused as they are, may get more transfixed on the name of the candidate rather than the fact that she is the declared “Republican” in this race.  The name “Michelle” evokes the image of President Obama’s wife and the candidate’s surname reminds them of a culture who TeaPartiers most despise, n’est pas?

And using only blue with no red?  What was she thinking?  She may have been acting on the impulse to reach out across the partisan political divide but at the very least she will be seen by the fringe element within the GOP as a RINO (Republican in name only)



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